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Evolution of Visual Art in the Modern Era
 

Art is created and enjoyed by many people for many reasons.However,one of the things that art does is extend and expand our shared common visual language. When new visual ideas are first introduced by the artist,they are often seen as shocking,and perhaps even as incomprehensible. However,with time,the best and most effective of these ideas are accepted. There is nothing harder than trying to grasp what was shocking or illuminating about certain images,or ways of making images,once the shock is gone,and we have all absorbed this bit of visual data into our own vocabularies. Artists show us new ways to see familiar things,and how to interpret new situations and events through various kinds of visual shorthand. This creation of visual language may be the artist's intention or it may be a side effect of oter purposes. So what are some of the purposes that art fulfills?


Probably the oldest purpose of art is as a vehicle for religious ritual.From the prehistoric cave pantings of France,to the Sistine Chapel,art has served religion. For centuries the Church was the primary parton of artists.In traditional socities even today,the primary purpose of art is religious or ceremonial.Art may also serve as a commemoration of an important event.The event may be of major historical importance,such as the coronation of Josephine by Napoleon as recorded by the artist David,or it may be important only to the participants,like the image of a wedding or a baptism.


Art has often served as propaganda or social commentary. Cheap Auto Insurance QuotesPropaganda images are attempts to persuade us toward particular viewpoints or actions promoted by public or private institutations such as political parties,lobbyists,governments or religious groups.The propaganda purpose may be one we approve of such as World War II efforts to get women behind the war effort as epitomized in Norman Rockwell's Rosie the Riveter. It might also be a purpose we disapprove of.In either case, the power of visual images has frequently been used to persuade masses of people beliefs,take action,or follow leaders.The artist as social commentator may simply make us more aware of the human condition as he/she perceives it,without suggesting particular action, All socities engage in propaganda,but here are some links to propaganda art created in the USSR,China and by the Allies during World War I and during World War II.


Art may be simply a means of recording of visual data and telling the "truth" about what we see.After the Renassiance, artists became preoccupied with new ways of capturing reality such as the use of linear perspective,and the realism possible throgh the use of oil painting technique.In time,artists like Courbet and Cezann and many who followed them] began in various ways to challenge the basic idea of what it is for an image to be true and real.Art can also be seen as as creating the eye-pleasing beauty.Yet the idea of beauty like that of truth,has been challenged in the modren era.At one time,the artist was expected to portray perfection-lofty and noble ideals of beauty.Yet as society became more industrialized and democratic,many throughtful people began to broaden their notions of what could be beautiful.For example,Rembrandt could celebrate the tactile quality of paint and color in his picture of a side of beef,and Courbet and Millet could see beauty in the life of ordinary peasants,Art is also a powerful means of storytelling.This was a common device of religious art of the middle ages,for example in the frescoes by Giotto from the church of San Francesco de Assisi, where the sequences of panels were used to tell stories from the Scriptures or lives of saints.It is also the great gift of Norman Rockwell,who had the ability to tell powerful and subtle stories about ordinary people and events,in just one picture.A picture is truly worth a thousands words.

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Art can also convey intense emotions.The expressive power of art can language,certain religious art and the works of expressionists such as Munch or Kirchner are charged with powerful emotions,Picasso.In works such as Guernica also an powerful social,commentary and storytelling] is able to communicate intense emotions color,light,form or other elements.

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In any case,one of the primary functions of art is to interpret the subject matter at hand.Subject matter does not change all that much over time.Although new subject matter has envolved,the human condition,nature and events still continue to capture the attention of artists.The media used have changed relatively little; though new material have appeared in this century,the conventional media continue to be used.A portrait executed by Matisse in 1907 could not be confused with one done by Van Dvck in the 1630s; even landscape is reinterpreted in the context of a changing world.Each work is an expression of the subject in the context of the values,culture,and events of its specific era.

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